Applied Cybernetics Group
Threat intel → detection pipeline
Friday, September 18, 2026
Data as of 13:09 UTC

Microsoft Windows SAM Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Added to KEV
2022-02-10
Federal due date
2022-02-24
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Windows
EPSS
99.3th percentile (score 0.673, as of 2026-09-16)
NVD CVSS v3.1
7.8 (HIGH)
Ransomware use
Unknown
ATT&CK
T1068 , T1078 · signal rollup
Upstream
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36934

CISA short description

If a Volume Shadow Copy (VSS) shadow copy of the system drive is available, users can read the SAM file which would allow any user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level.

Required action

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

NVD description

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists because of overly permissive Access Control Lists (ACLs) on multiple system files, including the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) database. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. An attacker must have the ability to execute code on a victim system to exploit this vulnerability. After installing this security update, you must manually delete all shadow copies of system files, including the SAM database, to fully mitigate this vulnerabilty. Simply installing this security update will not fully mitigate this vulnerability. See KB5005357- Delete Volume Shadow Copies.

EPSS percentile is the FIRST.org exploit-probability ranking as of the date noted above; it moves daily. CVSS reflects NVD's analysis at time of publication.